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But this does not prevent practical reasoning, either by direct use of such quantifiers in the logical representations of sentences (an approach in the spirit of natural logic), or by reducing them to set-theoretic or mereological relations within an FOL framework.
Because women are not allowed to be soldiers in Tony's mob war, they are the logical representations of how violence spills over the boundaries of the gangster's profession, touching the innocent people in his life.
Drawing on recent ideas and results from cognitive science, I will argue that implicit belief is best understood in terms of higher-order logical representations governed by probabilistic – in particular Bayesian – dynamics.
We discuss different levels of processing yielding bag-of-words-based and more complex representations integrating part-of-speech tags, classification of the expected answer type, semantic roles, discourse analysis, translation into a SQL-like language and logical representations.
Following Hempel, we will take universally quantified material conditionals as canonical logical representations of relevant hypotheses.
Another common strain in much of the theorizing about conceptual representation has been a certain diffidence concerning logical representations and denotational semantics.
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TPS (Andrews et al. 1996) is a theorem proving system for higher-order logic that uses Church's typed λ-calculus as its logical representation language and is based on a connection-type deduction mechanism that incorporates Huet's unification algorithm (Huet 1975).
It uses a representational language, Intensional Logic, but Montague (1970) showed that this use of a higher-order logical representation language was just a convenience, and completely dispensible.
The major deficiency in these systems is that programmers can only view and manipulate a single logical representation of programs.
Difficulties in coding algorithms to analyze stabilities, rooted in their logical representation, led to the development of matrix representations of preference and explicit matrix calculations to determine stabilities.
In this paper, we formalize the concept of structured text, and then focus on how we can identify inconsistency in the logical representation of items of structured text.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com