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Among the nonlogical concepts involved in reasoning are epistemic notions such as "knows that …," "believes that …," and "remembers that …" and normative (deontic) notions such as "it is obligatory that …," "it is permitted that …," and "it is prohibited that …." Their logical behaviour is therefore a part of the subject matter of applied logic.
In this respect, logicians' prospects have been enhanced by the development of a semantical theory of modal logic, both in the narrower sense of modal logic, which is restricted to logical necessity and logical possibility, and in the wider sense, in which all concepts that exhibit similar logical behaviour are included.
Of course, he concedes, the logical behaviour of the terms of non-notational discourse may be assisted by studies in formal logic; so may chess-playing assist generals.
Syncategoremata are treatises devoted to syncategorematic words; in these treatises sophismata are used to illustrate or to give more refined explanations of the logical behaviour of the different syncategorematic words (or kinds of syncategorematic words).
The sentence elicits questions not only pertaining to the logical behaviour of the verb 'scire'to'to know'), but also to the specifically theological issue of the object of God's knowledge (Ebbesen 1997, p. 154ff).
This particular sophisma is put forward to test the logical behaviour of the syncategorematic word 'but' (preter), more specifically, to consider the question what is excepted when we use an exceptive word.
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The rules are not arbitrary but are based on logical and intelligent behaviour.
These cells, in turn, are sets of transistors wired together to perform simple logical operations.The precise behaviour of each cell is determined by loading a string of numbers into a memory underneath it.
In S-D logical terms, these behaviour and dynamics are explained with the concept of 'service innovation' [56].
"If a large proportion of illegal downloaders do not buy any music (and yet consume, in some cases, large amounts of it), it cannot be logical that illegal behaviour stimulates legal download sales and inflicts no harm".
Particularly regarding asymptotic behaviour, logical analysis has been shown to be a useful tool for uncovering fundamental characteristics and functionalities of biological systems, (see e.g. [ 14– 14]).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com