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Logging residues did not affect available nutrients.
Oak and hornbeam logging residues were richer than logging residues from beech and spruce.
Logging residues were collected at the preceding harvest.
On one site, the frequency of freeze thaw cycles increased under logging residues, while logging residues increased soil water content on another site, for certain measurement events.
Processing includes top removal (topping), delimbing, crosscutting into logs (bucking), debarking, and sometimes chipping of undesirable trees or logging residues.
Moreover canopy closure had a strong and significant effect on beetle assemblages in logging residues.
Logging residues from sustainable forest operations can be recovered as biomass feedstock for renewable energy generation.
Logging residues also decreased summer soil temperatures at all sites through a negative quadratic effect.
Seedlings showed no consistent growth response to logging residues for three years after planting, except for a beneficial effect of logging residues on hybrid poplar growth on one site.
Logging residues constitute potentially important habitats, since a large part of forest biodiversity is dependent on dead wood.
The process is based on biochemical conversion of logging residues to produce ethanol, biogas, pellets, heat and electricity.
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