Additional mechanistic explanations for poor post-logging regeneration of mahogany in Mexican and Brazilian forests include insufficient light levels in the forest understory and logging gaps, and irregular supra-annual fruiting patterns by individuals and populations [30], [31].
We tested the validity of this presumption by conducting a global scale review of the state of research regarding the consequences of structural habitat change (fragmentation, logging, fire, native regeneration and plantations) for amphibians and reptiles.
However, after a fire or logging activities, regeneration can occur, resulting in an increasing sensitivity of the remaining live and dead vegetation to subsequent disturbance events [13],[16]-[19] ,[16]-[19]
However, after a fire or logging activities, regeneration can occur, resulting in an increasing sensitivity of the remaining live and dead vegetation to subsequent disturbance events [ 13, 16- 19].
Problems observed in this study with the recruitment of commercial tree regeneration in logging gaps suggests the need for site preparation treatments and more judicious seed tree retention.
To calibrate the model of forest regeneration on logging decks and main skid trails, we used data from a 25-ha plot in French Guiana, Arbocel (see Fig. 1): the plot was clearcut in 1976 and then left to natural regeneration [28].
Therefore, a broad spectrum of activities including regeneration, afforestation, logging, and non-timber forest product collection is implemented within community forests.
This study aims to identify the impact of RIL on the regeneration of commercial timber species by comparing the regeneration dynamics of logging gaps with naturally occuring canopy gaps.
This species has long been an iconic symbol at the nexus of sustainable forest management and conservation; it is on both IUCN's Red-List and CITES Appendix II because of regeneration failure and population declines after logging [25].
Indeed, there is little regeneration in main skid trails, and no regeneration in deforested roads whereas carbon recovery in logging gaps compensates the carbon emissions from extracted wood and logging damage.
