Sentence examples for logging cost from inspiring English sources

The logging cost model by Kuitto et al. (1994) for timber production from commercial thinning and final felling is based on the time consumption equations for mechanized cutting and forest haulage specification.

They note that, while there is a potential for a reduction in logging costs resulting from increased daily production, the size of the production increase is sometimes insufficient for logging cost reductions to be realised.

The logging cost is a function of harvested volume, productivity of felling, and on-site transport.

The logging cost parameters were assumed as follows: terrain class one, average travel distance 200 m, felling cost 75.67 €∙h−1, transportation cost 53.35 €∙h−1, and fixed cost 100.00 €∙ha−1 (Cao et al. 2010).

When the first thinning is an energy wood harvest, conventional logging will be applied from the second thinning, and the energy wood logging cost (c E ) and volume v 1j (harvested volume in the jth tree size class at the 1st thinning) will be computed for the first thinning (Eq. 5).

where p denotes timber price, v refers to harvested timber volume, l denotes timber categories, c i is the logging cost at the ith harvest, c 0 is the discounted stand establishment cost, r denotes interest rate, and t denotes stand age.

Simulations of the change in costs resulting from closing low-volume hospitals required converting regression estimates so that they reflected an unbiased estimate of costs rather than log (costs) [ 23].

Logging costs are composed of felling and haulage (transportation) costs and a fixed cost.

Fig. 5 Unit logging costs of energy wood harvesting (a) and conventional thinning (b).

Revenue from timber sales (net of logging costs) has averaged $11,000 a year over the past 15 years; property taxes and other costs, a few hundred dollars a year.

Fixed logging costs and administrative constraints on logging regulations can create nonconvexities in forestry production sets that include timber and nontimber products.