Similarly, we can define a log-convex sequence and quasi-log convexity of a sequence.
Note: it is easy to demonstrate that the above analysis of the logarithmic magnitude spectrum can be performed on the logarithmic energy (log E) sequence in an utterance, obtaining the same conclusions [35].
As for the second source (the log E sequence) for the VAD process, we obtain the second speech/non-speech decision parameter dm,2for the m th frame, d m, 2 = 1 if e m ( h ) ≥ θ e 0 otherwise, 0 ≤ m ≤ M − 1, (15).
By the definition of log-balanced sequence, we know that ({P_{n}} _{ngeq0}) is log-convex.
The system logs the sequence of these cues, and then compares sequences from different speakers to see which combinations routinely lead to a listener nodding, and which do not.
RwC: Replaced with Clean; L.E.: the log-energy sequence; C i : the i th MFCC sequence; all: the entire feature vector; none: no replacement or post-processing (baseline).
Sequential rule mining is an important research problem because it has broad application such as the analyses of customer purchases, web log, DNA sequences, and so on.
Based on the results summarized in Table 1, it is clear that replacing noisy log-energy sequence leads to the most significant improvement.
