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The wetland consistently removed E. coli from stormwater (mean log removal 0.96, range 0.19 1.79), while Campylobacter spp. concentrations were often higher in outflow than inflow (mean log removal 0.05, range −0.9-1.25).
The system achieved 6 log removal units for Tc, Fc, and E. coli respectively.
Even at high flow velocity (effective contact time of 4.5 min), both media demonstrated 0.8 log removal.
A linearly scalable novel membrane adsorber family designed for the efficient removal of trace impurities from biotherapeutics, are capable of reproducibly achieving greater than 4 log removal of mammalian viruses, 3 log removal of endotoxin and DNA, and greater than 1 log removal of host cell protein.
Under this condition, 5.51 log removal was achieved, which was in close agreement with the value predicted from the proposed model.
The system also achieved high removal efficiency for pathogenic indicators with 5 log removal units for Total Coli forms (Tc), Fecal coliforms (Fc), Escherichia coli (E. coli), respectively.
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For bacterial indicators, the combination of two-stage MSL system achieved high log removals between 2.21 and 3.15 log units.
Logging removal (rotational clear-cutting) from forest ecosystems averaged 0.012 kg C m−2 yr−1, with the 1970s exhibiting the lowest harvest rates (0.006 kg C m−2 yr−1), and the late 1980s and early 1990s exhibiting the highest (0.020 kg C m−2 yr−1).
The observed 1-log removal by sedimentation agrees with early removal estimates of unspecified "parasite ova" in similar systems in China [50].
A combined 3-log removal by both mechanisms is possible under the reasonable assumption that the two mechanisms act independently on influent ova.
Less than 1% of ova were recovered viable from a series of nylon bags seeded with ova, a 2-log removal attributable to biochemical inactivation.
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