Sentence examples for log grades from inspiring English sources
Figure 4 Log values for log grades in eroded and non-eroded plots.
Stiffness is already used for log grades, and structural timber in New Zealand requires 8 GPa (Buchanan et al. 2005).
Three hypothetical logs corresponding to three hardwood log grades were simulation-scanned, then simulation-sawed by a human operator using a modified Malcolm opening face heuristic.
There is also a demand to be able to predict the impacts of these factors on wood density as some log grades have a density requirement, often as a proxy for wood stiffness.
The Atlas Forecaster model was used to investigate plantation forest data using standard Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry log grades for the cutting strategy and default function models specific to the site (MAF [2011a]) (Table 2).
Total recoverable volume (TRV) estimated (for a 25-year rotation) for Pinus radiata growing on the eroded sites was valued at $68,494, which is 9% lower than the estimated TRV from trees growing on non-eroded plots ($75,989) (Figure 4). Figure 3 Total log volumes for log grades at eroded and non-eroded plots estimated for a 25-year-old P. radiata rotation.
Furthermore, an individual tree-level model was developed rather than a stand-level model because branch diameters on an individual log are important for determining log grade.
Log grade affected lumber value recovery as expected, although reduced spatial resolution (by doubling the pitch, thickness, and pixel size) exhibited no discernible pattern in our statistical tests for effects.
As the largest branch on a log has the greatest influence on log grade (Weiskittel et al. 2006), a modelling approach that predicts how branch diameter varies with height in the stem is considered more appropriate than a model that predicts branch index for a log.
Cutting strategies and log-grade prices are relayed from company offices wirelessly and all production data are uploaded, instantly, to a remote server.
The butt log timber grades for this scenario were from the computer re-graded prune log (above).
