Sentence examples for loci substitution from inspiring English sources

For the nuclear loci, substitution rates were estimated relative to the mtDNA rate using a gamma prior for ucld.mean with default values, and exponential prior for ucld.stdev, with a mean of 0.5.

However, Hodgkinson et al. recently found orthologous repeats exhibiting similar SNP patterns in human and chimp, suggesting that, at least for some loci, substitution rates can be preserved for a few million years[ 36].

For both loci, substitution rates inferred within the Xanthorrhoea crown by RLC were much lower than from UCLN, by an order of magnitude or more, and were significantly different because the 95% BCIs do not overlap (Additional file 2: Table S2 and Additional file 3: Figure S11 d-f).

No substitutions.

An educated guess can be based on the review by Hayes and Goddard [ 14], who fitted a gamma distribution Γ 5.4,0.42) to reported locus substitution effects in dairy cattle.

The nature of the relationship between a locus' substitution rate and recombination rate in D. melanogaster largely agree with the rate comparisons between the X chromosome and autosome.

The mtDNA locus substitution rate was set to 10-7, 20 times faster than that of the nuclear (5 × 10-9), producing a mtDNA tree with an average height of approximately 0.01 substitutions (2 × 5 × 104 × 10-7).

Thirty-three percent of the 43 broadly expressed lincRNA loci exhibit substitution rates that exceed the expected neutral rate, estimated from short intron sequences (Haddrill et al. 2005).

AID-induced uracil is processed by mismatch repair factors at the Ig loci, and substitutions are introduced opposite A and T bases through PCNA-dependent recruitment of pol eta synthesis in place of pol delta (reviewed by [11]).

If a single sRNA had more than two OMM loci, with substitutions in different positions or with different nucleotides, we discarded it.

The simultaneous analysis of several genes has the obvious advantage of increasing the number of phylogenetically informative characters and balancing stochastic errors [ 42- 48], but can also reduce the effects of systematic bias that may affect individual gene partitions, especially when locus-specific substitution models are employed in a probabilistic framework [ 31, 49- 51].