In pufferfish, while the dact1 locus environment was clearly recognizable, the dact1 gene itself was absent, suggesting a more recent gene loss.
Our analysis of the multiparent NAM population had a more even balance between "combined effect lost" additive one-locus environment effect alleles, as compared to AND gate/negative regulator genetic architectures.
We considered locus-environment combinations with a log10(BF) > 1.5 significant ('very strong evidence' according to Jeffreys (1939) scale).
Phenotypes are determined at several levels, at multiple loci, the environment and interactions between the loci and the environment (Fig. 1a; [1a).
The genetic basis of complex diseases is expected to be highly heterogeneous, with complex interactions among multiple disease loci and environment factors.
Unlike genetic loci, the environment is boundless.
Ultimately, individual fitness, controlling the production of offspring to which genetic material is transmitted, is determined by an individual's functional loci and environment.
Thus, among all loci-environment associations detected by PLSR and SAM methods, only the frequency of two polymorphisms, the g.703_704del(2)A and the g.522A > G, seems to be under the action of some selective process.
One possible mode of G×E interaction is the relative increase or decrease of additive allelic effects among different loci between environments (Falconer and Mackay 1996).
Genetic analysis of complex diseases may be complicated by many factors such as incomplete penetrance, multiple disease susceptibility loci, gene-environment interactions, and diagnostic uncertainties [ 10].
Furthermore, 2 of the 7 groups containing GC QTL also contained 09FD and/or 10FD QTL, demonstrating stability of some loci across environments.
