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A possible mechanism that would explain Sn-enhanced infectivity would be that by binding both virus and target cells, Sn effectively increases the localized virus concentration bringing HIV-1 in close proximity to CD4 and chemokine coreceptors on the target cell.
This study clearly indicates that, as in the H5N1 infection model, the clinical benefits of peramivir are not limited to localized virus infection in the respiratory tract (49).
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Separate genes code for proteins VP40 and VP24 localized in virus matrix space.
EGFP expression localizes the virus and may help to identify tumor deposits in vivo.
By analogy, NF90 might have a role in localizing dengue virus RNA to replication centers.
Although this may sequester AAV particles, it may also effectively localize the virus and prevent it from being cleared from the vitreous via the trabecular meshwork, thereby facilitating subsequent transduction [41].
ICAM-1 is also an attachment molecule for the major serotypes of human rhinovirus (HRV) that are responsible for localizing the virus near the cellular membrane and triggering conformational changes in the viral capsid that initiate uncoating and epithelial cell invasion [87].
An increasing number of key proteins from both DNA- and RNA-containing viruses are localized in the nucleolus: viruses of the family Herpesviridae, Adenoviridae, Hepadnaviridae, Retroviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Potyviridae, Coronaviridae and Flaviviridae, encode such proteins.
Although the IP route of infection does not mimic the natural transmission of this disease, the previous results were similar to our study in that the innate immune system in the immunocompetent animals kept the virus localized to the site of infection while the immuno-compromised animals developed systemic infections.
In these cases as well, the preponderance of positively-selected residues localize to virus-receptor interfaces.
Viral replication, which occurs in specialized virus factories localized near the microtubule-organizing centre, results in the formation of the intracellular mature virus (IMV).
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