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Acute pain serves a useful function as a protective mechanism that leads to the removal of the source of the pain, whether it be localized injury or infection.
Children with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS), a genetic disorder characterized by diminished drive to breathe during sleep and impaired CO2 sensitivity, show brain structural and functional changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, with impaired responses in specific hippocampal regions, suggesting localized injury.
Using a rat model of localized injury induced by turpentine, which triggers the innate immune response and inflammation, we investigated the effects of maternal iron supplementation on the offspring's dopamine function by assessing behavioral responses to acute and repeated administration of the dopamine indirect agonist, amphetamine.
Pressure ulcers were defined by the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) and European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (EPUAP) as "localized injury to the skin and/or underlying tissue usually over a bony prominence as a result of pressure or pressure in combination with shear and/or friction" [ 2, 11].
Chronic wound is an abnormal disease condition of localized injury to the skin and its underlying tissues having physiological impaired healing response.
According to Lewis' hypothesis, these 'specialized' fibres would detect information about a localized injury and spread this information both to surrounding sensory afferents that encoded pain, thereby causing hyperalgesia, and to blood vessels to cause local dilatation leading to the flare response (reddening of the skin).
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Shanidar 1, having sustained localized injuries to the forehead, face, and right arm, leg, and foot, apparently survived for years without the use of one arm and blind in one eye.
Pressure sores are localized injuries to the skin and underlying tissues and are mainly resulting from overpressure.
Previous studies have shown that TSPO is upregulated in microglia and astroglia during neural inflammation, and radiolabelled TSPO ligands such as PK11195 have been used to image and localize injury in the CNS.
Walter et al. [ 32] verified in the acute phase of injury (1 7 days) increased levels of IGFBP-1, -2, -3, -6 localized in injury responsive astrocytes, neurons, and cells of the monocyte lineage, probably facilitating the effects of IGF-1.
Direct localized endothelial injury could also have been caused by accidental trauma through the needle used for damaging the aortic valve leaflet.
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