This divergence in performance is caused in part by selection bias in the access to foreign markets, and in part by accumulation of localized knowledge.
Within this particular arena participating teachers struggled to utilize their localized knowledge in innovative ways for more generalizable use (Boschman, McKenney, and Voogt, 2014).
This study compares the university spillover effect of two types of knowledge, localized knowledge from domestic collaboration and distant knowledge from international collaboration, and investigates their spillover effect on local firms' innovation.
Put another way, it is difficult to harness localized knowledge for more generalizable use (Boschman, McKenney, and Voogt, 2014) when creating "teacher design teams" [TDTs] (Huizinga, Handelzalts, Nieveen and Voogt, 2014).
The paper re-examines the twin concepts of knowledge "tacitness" and "codification", which both the literature on (broadly defined) industrial districts, and some recent econometric literature on "localized knowledge spillovers" have possibly mis-handled.
Insolvency practitioners' localized knowledge, the capacity to disguise moral authority as technical expertise and their networks and coalitions with senior members of Parliament and capital providers, resulted in an interpretation and implementation of legislation that has not seen the dramatic shift in practice that the reforms had envisaged.
In particular, the results show that being located in a cluster per se actually has a negative effect on firm R&D intensity, which is in contrast to the conventional wisdom of pure or automatic localized knowledge spillovers, as far as firm R&D intensity is concerned.
Matt's localized knowledge of a potential classroom constraint (Davis et al. 2011) and decision to give students just two options may have been warranted given the amount of time students would need to not only select but also to perform the analysis necessary to determine which type of tire works best on a given terrain.
This may also be indicative of exposure to a wider variety of plant medicines and localized knowledge across the lifespan.
Although PETA seemed to take credit for the shutdown, UWM released a statement stating that the lab had actually closed due to the retirement of its 70-year-old head researcher, noting that "work in the lab was highly regarded scientifically and yielded important insights into how the brain localizes sound, knowledge important for such things as hearing and cochlear implants".
