These differences varied, however, across localities, ranging from negligible changes to a reduction of more than 90%.
La Grive M is one of the older sites of La Grive, and Mein and Ginsburg proposed taking it as the reference locality for a separate zone MN 7. M. zapfei is rare in La Grive M; Miniopterus fossilis is much more common in the same site, and has also been found in La Grive L7 and other European localities ranging from MN 6 to MN 13.
The number of individuals per morphologically identified species ranged from three (Rh. mariaedominicae; Rh. corcontica) to 36 (Rh. loyolaea), while the number of sampled localities ranged from one (Rh. mariaedominicae; Rh. corcontica) to 14 (Rh. loyolaea).
The proportion of positive rodents in the different localities ranged from 2.1%to2.9%9%.
Pairwise R ST values among sampling localities ranged from 0.001 for Xil/Ord to 0.42 for Risc/Nov.
Pseudouroctonus reddelli appears to be at the lower end of this range with average mtDNA pairwise divergences between localities ranging from 2.4% (New Braunfels/Junction) to 1% (Camp Wood/Kickapoo).
The last major clade to diverge in our topology, the Widespread clade, contains haplotypes from all remaining sample localities, ranging from Alaska to New Mexico.
One shared haplotype was widely distributed, sampled in individuals from all three of these subspecies in disparate localities ranging from northern (Tucumán province) and central (Entre Rios and Mendoza provinces) Argentina, to Concepción, Paraguay and Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Pairwise comparisons of F ST among sampling localities ranged from 0.003 for Aqm/Ama to 0.95 for UG/Gar and were significant in most cases between sampling localities from the TUX region and the other localities, and for the YUC region and the other localities [Additional file 1].
However, a number of studies have demonstrated a high prevalence of PZA resistance among MDR-TB patients in different localities, ranging from 10% in Papua New Guinea and 25% in Turkey, to 49% in Thailand, 50% in Central Africa, 52% in South Africa, 53% in Japan, 55% in Taiwan, 77% in Pakistan and 85% in South Korea and in India.
