Our phylogeny covers localities from major drainage basins of tropical Africa and reveals highly disjunct sister-group relationships between (a) the endemic viviparids of Lake Malawi and populations from the Middle Congo as well as between (b) the Victoria region and the Okavango/Upper Zambezi area.
All calculations were made under a "complete equivalence" assumption, i.e., no locality, no major ecosystem, and no indicator was considered more important than another.
All compute intensive steps of the reconstruction algorithm have a high degree of locality: A major part of the operations, e.g. the assembly of the system matrices or the sensitivity, can be performed in an element-by-element fashion.
Just as the greatest draftsmen have been for the most part also distinguished painters, illustrators, sculptors, or architects, so the centres and the high points of drawing have generally coincided with the leading localities and the major epochs of the other arts.
We successfully obtained the F1 generation from the major localities.
The samples from other localities (excluding the major 7 localities) that were minimally contaminated (Additional file 1: Tables S1-S6) were plotted together with the FM and HTIT clusters.
The individuals sampled belong to all the major localities sampled in the mitochondrial analysis except the Pantanal area.
Invasive lineages of Melanoides tuberculata were documented from 6 major localities in 5 countries (Ede, Nigeria; Eseka, Cameroon; Kinshasa, Kisangani, DR Congo; Bujumbura, Burundi; Monkey Bay/Cape Maclear, Malawi).
There are many web pages devoted to Olduvai for students to delve deeper into this major locality for human evolution.
Details on the reproductive system of P. verrucosa are missing in the original description [ 73], but own histological comparisons using 3D reconstruction based on serial semi-thin sections from material collected at the type locality revealed no major differences (KMJ, own unpublished data).
In order to increase the knowledge of diversity of soil-inhabiting fungi, we extracted total DNA from top-organic soil collected in seven localities dominated by four major ecosystems in the tropical island of Puerto Rico.
