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They held court at local assizes made up of royal officials and prominent bourgeois (later, judicial officers and lawyers) who gave their opinion of which local customary law should be applied in the cases before the court.
Each area had its own collection of customs, and, despite efforts in the 16th and 17th centuries to organize and codify each of those local customary laws, there had been little success at national unification.
The situation inspired Voltaire to observe that a traveler in France "changes his law almost as often as he changes his horses". Each area had its own collection of customs, and, despite efforts in the 16th and 17th centuries to organize and codify each of those local customary laws, there had been little success at national unification.
Local customary leaders and government authorities are left with little understanding of how these local resources are tied, via herd movements, to broader resource networks.
As in Loliondo, these local customary land management practices serve to conserve a large expanse of wildlife habitat adjacent to the park, effectively extending the area conserved and preventing the encroachment of agriculture against the park boundary.
Only wages up to the collectively negotiated or the local customary level, respectively, and up to social security thresholds can be taken into account when determining the size of the subsidy.
Similar(47)
Basically, the war was a religious struggle in Minangkabau country between revivalist Islamic leaders (called Padris) and the local adat ("customary law") leaders, who were supported by the Dutch.
In the new era of promoting community based management of natural resources in a developing country, it is generally argued that, at the local level, customary controls over woodlands embedded in the traditional institutions have the greatest potential for being effective (McGregor, 1991).
While local and customary resource management offered some protection to women, modern statutory tenure systems risk the loss of women's control over resources as pointed out by Ann Waters-Bayer from the core team of the Coalition of European Lobbies for Eastern African Pastoralism (CELEP).
The British Imperial System evolved from the thousands of Roman, Celtic, Anglo-Saxon, and customary local units employed in the Middle Ages.
After dinner, colleagues from several local conservation organizations, customary land representatives and other partners all gathered to discuss the expedition.
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