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The civil war had led to an economic collapse in the Transvaal, weakening the government's ability to back up its professed authority and sovereignty over the local chiefdoms, though Lydenburg and Utrecht did now accept the central administration.
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Originally the site of Anane, a small town of the Arago people, Lafia became the capital of a prominent local chiefdom in the early 19th century.
The Boers and the local Tswana and Basotho chiefdoms were in near-constant conflict, mainly over land.
Their annexation and control of South West Africa was eased by the intense cleavages that had opened up between the local Nama and the Herero chiefdoms, a result of their increasing involvement in the world economy during the 19th century.
The Luba empire was fragmented by Belgian colonization between 1880 and 1960, and the breakdown of the empire resulted in the development either of smaller chiefdoms or of small autonomous local lineage groups.
The centre coordinates all health and nutrition programmes in seven chiefdoms in the Bombali district, reaching about 24,000 people with help from local and traditional leaders who have joined the Chiefs as Champions for Children Initiative.
Under this rubric, societies were deemed chiefdoms if they exhibited a centralization of power and authority at the expense of local and autonomous groupings.
Most importantly, she demonstrates that it is the dynamic interplay between investment in the maritime luxury goods trade and other evolving aspects of local political economies, rather than foreign contacts, that led to the cyclical coalescence of larger and more complex chiefdoms at various times in Philippine history.
In Sierra Leone, women from two chiefdoms that established community loan funds [ 18] increased their utilization of obstetric services at the local government hospital compared to utilization prior to the fund (5 women in 1992 versus 12 in 1993) [LOE: 2-].
Why did Viking chiefdoms collapse?
History of the Chiefdoms of Sierra Leone.
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