Against the argument that causal powers must be intrinsic because causation is local, Burge (1986 , 1989 has argued that local causation is entirely compatible with broad individuation.
In order to further develop a comprehensive understanding of scale effects on plant response to global change, we encourage researchers to more regularly integrate assessments of global change across scale in their work, evaluate the fit between global models and local causation and investigate local vs. global mitigation of global change impacts.
First, causation is local.
On this view, causation is local (the processes must intersect) and singular (it is fully instantiated in particular causal processes), though the account relies upon laws of conservation (Hitchcock 1995).
Overall, the literature emphasises that to understand caretakers' responses childhood illness it is necessary to explore local perceptions of disease causation.
(Male TB patient, aged 46, TB2) A quarter (9,26%) were not aware of local beliefs regarding TB causation but some considered smoking (11,31%), food and eating utensils (7,20%), kava and alcohol consumption (3,9%) and kastom (2,6%) to be the local beliefs about TB causation: "Yes, I have heard that belief sharing of food and eating utensils may also spread the disease.
This paper focuses on local understandings of the causation (aetiology) of RTIs in peri-urban Lima, Peru, and ways in which women link the occurrence of RTIs to environmental and living conditions in the communities where they live.
Local models of illness causation are only one aspect of a larger pattern of cultural response to RTIs, but they have been a specific focus of qualitative studies on RTIs for several reasons.
This presentation is illustrative rather than comprehensive, and were selected from approximately 35 qualitative studies on RTIs identified through a search on PubMed because 1) they provided significant detail (at least three paragraphs) on local understandings of RTI causation and 2) they represent a range of settings.
This perception only serves to reinforce the lack of understanding of social vulnerability by assigning causation to factors outside local control.
Smeenk and Wüthrich (2012, 13, §3) argue that if causation is conceived as a purely local phenomenon, then time travel scenarios such as Gödel —which involves CTCs do not involve backwards causation.
