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Several areas showed increased (left primary auditory, secondary somatosensory, premotor and visual cortices, and left superior longitudinal fascicle) and decreased (right cerebellum and left frontal lobe) connectivity in DMN.
They reported a disruption of the normal pattern of DMN in TLE, with reduction of temporal lobe connectivity, which could explain a worse performance in verbal memory compared with controls [34].
The observation of a global asymmetric pattern of changes between rostral and caudal temporal lobe connectivity in Alzheimer disease could explain the lack of consistency in previous studies.
Functional connectivity in the default mode network has been shown to be affected in patients with Alzheimer's disease (Greicius et al., 2004), and temporal lobe connectivity in particular (Wang et al., 2006).
They reported that increased temporal lobe connectivity between the bilateral parahippocampus and the bilateral middle temporal gyrus was associated with increased peripheral levels of BDNF, IGF-1, and VEGF in elderlies following 7 weeks of aerobic aerobic walking.
In TLE, negative correlations between temporal and lateral frontal lobe connectivity and disease duration have been reported, 58, 59 but hub connectivity changes in the DMN have not been investigated.
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Such results indicate that the right prefrontal cortex might make a major contribution to the psychopathology of young children with ASD at the functional network architecture level, and at the functional lobe-connectivity level, respectively.
The current study provided some insights into the quantitative analysis of functional networks in young children (ages 4.8 8.0 years old) with and without ASD and, in particular, investigated the network efficiency and lobe-level connectivity of their functional networks while watching a cartoon.
Once affected, the role of the frontal lobe as a connectivity hub explains why damage to this area may result in widespread brain dysfunction.
While a tumour in or abutting primary motor cortex leads to motor weakness, how tumours elsewhere in the frontal or parietal lobes affect functional connectivity in a weak patient is less clear.
Although underconnectivity appears to be a general feature in ASD brains, it is particularly likely to affect connections between frontal and temporal lobe regions, and what connectivity there is, is likely to be unorganized (Courchesne & Pierce, 2005; Geschwind & Levitt, 2007; Hughes, 2007; Just et al, 2007).
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