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The tibia and first metatarsal bones of five unpaired cadaveric lower extremities were instrumented with strain gauge rosettes and subjected to repeated loading trials in an apparatus that replicates the muscle forces and external loads experienced by the foot and shank while walking.
The gunnery school HMS Excellent ran loading trials on the main battery guns.
Unloaded birds were found to walk comfortably for over 10 minutes at 0.42 ms−1, which was then used as the experimental speed for subsequent loading trials.
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Accuracy was higher in low load trials (92%) than in high load trials (79%), and higher in congruent (87%) and neutral (87%) than incongruent (83%) trials.
All participants completed 36 practice trials in which an equal number of low and high load trials were randomly intermixed.
RTs were slower in high load trials (728 ms) than in low load trials (628 ms), and slower in incongruent (702 ms) than in neutral (670 ms) and congruent trials (663 ms).
Post hoc analyses revealed that the effect of Congruency was significantly larger in low load trials (incongruent – congruent = 53.8 ms) than in high load trials (incongruent – congruent = 24.5 ms), t(201) = 7.71, P<0.0005.
Homozygotes for the T allele (N = 62) had better tracking capacity in the MOT task and identified targets faster in the high load trials of the VS task.
The practice block now consisted of 18 trials, also containing randomly intermixed low- and high-load trials.
The researchers implemented a calibration method for the WM task to control for each participant's performance level to maintain 75 85% accuracy for the medium-load trials and 60 70% accuracy for the high-load trials.
Differences between high and low VSTM-load trials may depend on differences in basic visual processing across the 2 stimulus types, as well as differences in encoding.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com