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The top trace is the original load waveform and the net power system loading.
Under triangular load waveform, the cracks initiate and grow in top-coat (TC) layers.
However, under trapezoidal load waveform, the cracks are likely to initiate at an off-valley location and propagate along the TC/thermally-grown-oxide (TGO) interface, causing the complete spallation of the TC layer.
Any measurement with a pacer triggering faster than 1 sample per cycle (20 ms at 50 Hz) is considered to be at a micro level, whereby an attempt is made to identify the characteristics of the load waveform (for instance, its harmonics).
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The low cycle fatigue performance of the nickel based superalloy RR1000 was investigated under a variety of load waveforms at high temperature, employing a double edge notch geometry under load control.
These factors include fiber, temperature change direction, loading frequency, loading waveform, moisture and stress level, etc.
Test parameters, including vertical compression, shear strain magnitude, loading frequency, loading waveform and loading direction, were investigated.
It was also observed that the beneficial effect of SBS-modified mixtures greatly depends on temperature, loading waveform and loading frequency.
The tests were load-controlled with a trapezoidal loading waveform 1-1-1-1 1-1-1-1 1-1-1-1 1-1-1-1) and a load ratio of R = 0.1.
Most experimental studies on Alloy 617 at elevated temperatures employ a purely strain-controlled loading waveform with a tensile hold period.
Fatigue tests were carried out for a three-point bend specimen in vacuum under a trapezoidal loading waveform with different dwell times.
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