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With the material and political change stemming from the ceasefire agreement of 1991 and, given the lack of alternative livelihood pathways in the desert environment, many refugees pursued camel husbandry as a path towards food security and livelihood diversification.
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By considering the trade-offs in the nexus of water, land, food, and livelihoods, sustainable pathways were articulated and recommended.
One component of the Livelihood Creation Project Building Pathways with Women Project (Pathways)—aimed to make an impact on the highlighted issues through three sustained interventions at the educational, social and economic levels.
"Agriculture is a critical source of livelihood and a pathway out of poverty in most African countries, and the media have a crucial role to play in advancing social development and transforming lives," said Tom Mshindi, a Kampala-based IWMF board member and CEO of The Daily Monitor, another partner in the initiative.
This pathway from livelihood resources to livelihood outcomes through livelihood strategies is described by Scoones (2009).
Innovations to improve staple crop germplasm can reduce poverty and otherwise improve farmer livelihoods through complex and multiple pathways.
It impacts people's livelihoods and lifestyles through different pathways.
Drawing upon our research and the available literature, and using a livelihoods framework, this paper synthesizes the pathways through which climate variability and change impact fisherfolk livelihoods at the household and community level.
Climate change is one of the influencing factors in this framework with a livelihood perspective, but no clear linkages or pathways have been defined on how climate change influences the water-energy-food nexus and ecosystem processes in this framework.
Numerous studies on forest-livelihood nexus have demonstrated the critical role of forests in livelihood sustenance and diversification and as a pathway for poverty alleviation (Mamo et al. 2007; Vedeld et al. 2007; Uberhuaga et al. 2012; Mukul et al. 2016).
Jina Krause-Vilmar, Director at the Near East Foundation (NEF), is an expert in refugees, livelihoods and gender, working to create safe pathways to economic resilience for crisis-affected women and adolescent girls for the past 10 years.
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