The algae may live in the surface layers of the sponge, inside the cells, or among them.
The sea butterflies, also known as pteropod snails, live in the surface layers of the open ocean, grow no bigger than a centimetre across and are part of the floating plankton on which all other fish and marine animals ultimately depend for their survival.
During this cruise we are looking at the diatom species currently living in the surface waters in order to develop our understanding of their habitats.
Microbial populations live in the surface water, with aerobic species congregating near the water surface and anaerobic microbes increasing with depth due to the decrease in oxygen levels and to the reduced conditions.
Larvae of the click beetle Pyrophorus nyctophanus live in the surface layers of termite mounds in Brazil.
T. suecica, which lives in the surface region of the sea's waters, has 10 times higher growth resistance to natural solar irradiation.
Two types of fish are caught: demersal, living at or near the bottom, although sometimes in mid-water; and pelagic, living in the open sea near the surface.
In 2013 the ice plug was sampled, and the leader of the Russian team, Sergey Bulat, claimed that the sample had been contaminated by bacteria from the surface that lived in the kerosene.
The genome analysis of DSW-6 demonstrates that this strain is highly adapted for living in the oligotrophic surface of the ocean.
In the first place, some tunicate species, like Oikopleura, live in the ocean surface where they are exposed to the mutagenic effect of ultra violet (UV) radiation (Denoeud et al. 2010).
