Kostial and Momcilovic (1974) showed that the peak transfer of radiolabeled lead in mice from mother to litter occurred during lactation.
Some litter pickup occurs during the peak hours on Saturday and Sunday, but most is left for Monday morning.
Finally, litter fall occurred all year-round, but in Np forests, it peaked during April (57% in coast and 67% in mountain) at the same time that seed fall, while in Nb forests, litter fall was more evenly distributed.
Elasticity analysis indicated that adult survival, and litter size of three- and four-year-old females are most important to λ in 99.3 and 0.7% of all replicates, respectively; the few replicates with higher elasticity for litter size occurred in scenarios with some type of correlation among vital rates; of these, 21 (70.0%) occurred in scenarios with 20% reductions in subadult and adult survival.
Since no significant change in litter composition occurred with distance to the trunk base and in the absence of stemflow reaching the ground during showers, diffusion of bark tannins from buried parts of the trunk and main lateral roots were suspected to negatively influence soil biological activity, particularly earthworm activity.
Later on as suitable food sources become available (especially surface litter) and recolonisation occurs, a more diverse community of epigeic, anecic and endogeic species can develop which can support or enhance ecosystem functions including water infiltration [ 26].
Litters losses occurred throughout the lactation period in the mothers lactating in the cold, in particular in the mothers raising the larger litters.
or beeches (Nothofagus spp ., exhibit a combination of phenological features (e.g. litter fall from deciduous trees occurs massively during autumn, while litter from evergreen trees fall continuously throughout the year).
According to Güsewell and Gessner (2009), the shift from N-limited to P-limited decomposition occurs at litter N/P ratios of 30 50.
The increased milk volume intake that occurs as litter size is decreased in the second intervention represents the increased volume intake that preterm infants who experience catch-up growth encounter after hospital discharge.
