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It was below expectations and driven partly by a €1.2bn increase in litigation provisions.
The banks, wrote the judge, had a "coherent scheme to defraud investors", which suggests that even higher litigation provisions may be needed.
But last week, lacking the votes in the House to stop it, he resumed negotiations with its authors over the litigation provisions.
After yet another quarter dominated by restructuring charges and "conduct and litigation" provisions, RBS is on course for another lossmaking year.
Stripping out the goodwill impairment, the impact of Hua Xia and litigation provisions, the pretax profit would be €1.6bn, 11% higher than the analysts' consensus and 17% above the UBS estimate.
Credit Suisse in November said it had upped litigation provisions by 357 million francs ($348.29 million), mainly in connection with mortgage-related matters.
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It said pre-tax charges over the period would total 865m Swiss francs (£601m) – covering litigation, other provisions and a Swiss-UK tax agreement.
A total of 15 817 pieces of data were retrieved by the combined studies and they covered areas as diverse as litigation, surgical provision and surveillance, costs and funding of rarer cancer, laboratory provision, pharmacological safety and midwifery discipline.
Cigarettes may be a distinctly bad consumer product, and tobacco companies have been aggressive in pursuing litigation under I.S.D.S. provisions in other trade treaties.
"Although they have taken some chunky provisions, litigation is an ongoing drag on the industry," said Jon Peace, a bank analyst with Nomura in London.
To protect the online industry from litigation, "safe harbour" provisions built into the DMCA allowed content owners to demand that any of their copyrighted material appearing on a website be taken down immediately.
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