However, a growing literature challenges whether these traditional methods can continue to sustain local livelihoods.
A broad social science literature challenges the perceived objectivity of indicators and suggests that, once an indicator is defined, then both value and validity rapidly becomes undermined because human ingenuity finds new ways of manipulating and controlling the data which constitute the indicator (Davis et al. 2012; Espeland and Sauder 2007; Espeland and Stevens 2014; Merry 2011).
The relative lack of symptoms-oriented research into the diagnostic process in primary care makes finding comparable literature challenging.
Since 2001, a new term "microRNA" was introduced into the scientific literature, challenging the central dogma of molecular biology.
This work adds to the growing body of literature challenging the effectiveness of external rotation bracing for preventing recurrent instability in first-time anterior dislocation.
In imaging prostatic bone metastases and their response to therapy, the heterogeneity of disease, patient selection bias and studies that lack a histopathological gold standard, make evaluation of the literature challenging.
While increasingly recognized, there is a range of terms for pathological aging that makes review of the literature challenging, including presymptomatic or incipient AD [ 4], preclinical AD [ 6], pathological AD [ 7], nondemented high pathology controls [ 3], asymptomatic persons with AD neuropathology [ 10], intermediate probability mismatches [ 11], and pathologically preclinical AD [ 5].
However, this limitation may be deemed acceptable in the light of observations made by a systematic review of the medication error literature challenging the assumption of an automatically given association between the number of error types considered on the one hand and the overall error prevalence detected on the other [ 15].
DECEMBER 2007 In his report to the Regents, Dr. Mills notes, "A rich, scholarly literature has challenged NAEP validity since the early 1990s".
In 1999, she represented a pair of individuals whose published election-related literature was challenged.
Despite a wealth of evaluations, reports and academic literature, when challenged on the efficacy of their work, civic engagement practitioners tend to reference their own experiences rather than those of the broader field.
