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Without the addition of acid or CO2, the pH in the black liquor solution was lowered to 4.7 due to water electrolysis, leading to pH-dependent lignin precipitation.
After the analysis of liquor solution, the inhibitor and sugar yield (mg/g) after ICSE pretreatment were calculated by the equation: inhibitor yield = C i × (5 − X 3)/X 3.
The highest current efficiency and, subsequently, the lowest energy consumption were achieved when the EDBM process was carried out at 55 °C with the black liquor solution containing 20 (wt.%) total dissolved solids.
Leptospirillum is a common genus present in bioleaching tanks, mine heaps and bioleaching (pregnant liquor solution) ponds (Tuffin et al. 2006; Remonsellez et al. 2009) where its role in the community is crucial as Leptospirillum fixes CO2 and oxidizes NH4 +, providing C and N sources to the rest of the microbial community.
For the formation of ZAN, the mother liquor solution consisting of Zn(NO3 2and Al(NO3 3was set at Zn to Al molar ratio,R = 4, and the pH was brought to 10 by drop-wise addition of 2 M NaOH.
Crystals were then frozen in liquid nitrogen after being soaked in a mother liquor solution supplemented with 25% glycerol.
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Fig. 1 UV visible spectra of treatment liquor solutions after polymerization by native laccase immobilized at 4 °C; the polymerization experiments were conducted at pH = 5, 50 °C, overnight.
The cocrystals were cryoprotected for data collection by soaking them in mother liquor solutions containing increasing percentages of PEG 350 MME (5 30%), followed by flash-freezing in liquid nitrogen.
For data collection, the crystals were cryoprotected by soaks for 5 minutes in mother liquor solutions containing 5 %, 10, 15% and 20% glycerol, respectively, and then flash frozen in liquid nitrogen.
Spy0129 crystals were prepared for X-ray diffraction by brief immersion in a series of mother liquor solutions containing increasing amounts of ethylene glycol (up to 20%) followed by flash-freezing in liquid nitrogen.
After 3 days of incubation at 16°C, the native and methylated protein crystallized in a mother-liquor solution containing 80 mM cacodylate, pH 6.5, 14% (w/v) PEG 8000, 160 mM calcium acetate and 20% (v/v) glycerol.
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