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Liquid phase velocity (m/s).
The entire flow behavior and PSD in the tubular loop reactor, i.e. PSD, solid holdup and liquid phase velocity distribution, were also obtained numerically.
Important hydrodynamic parameters of the gas liquid two-phase system such as the liquid phase velocity field, turbulent kinetic energy and volume-averaged overall and time-averaged local gas holdups were simulated and analyzed in detail.
The particle trajectories are predicted based on the liquid phase velocity field by evaluation of a local momentum balance as follows: frac{{Du_{text{p}} }}{Dt} = F_{text{D}} (u_{text{f}} - u_{text{p}} ) + gleft( {frac{{rho_{text{p}} - rho_{text{f}} }}{{rho_{text{p}} }}} right) (9).
According to the experimental data of fully-developed turbulent bubbly flows in a horizontal pipe, the bubble phase velocity is close to or slightly smaller than the liquid phase velocity.
Then, a numerical code was developed to calculate flow field parameters (i.e. liquid phase velocity components, solid phase volume fraction, and solid phase velocity components in the annulus) and pressure drop.
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The gas bubbles were accelerated by liquid inertia in a very short distance after injection but downstream of the bubbly flow, the local gas phase velocities followed closely to the local liquid phase velocities.
Open image in new window Fig. 10 a Change in the liquid-phase velocity and fanning factor, b change in Schmidt number along the wellbore.
Therefore, the (Kc a) value is dependent on both the liquid-phase velocity (external resistance) and the soil fraction in the column (internal resistance); making forced convection and diffusion to be the main transport mechanisms involved in the adsorption process.
The computational results show that a low drag-reduction rate is obtained, the liquid-phase velocity is slightly increased in the region away from the channel wall (i.e., the channel side containing microbubbles), and the turbulence intensity and Reynolds shear stress of the liquid phase are changed along the whole channel height.
The measurements focus on the local liquid-phase velocities and gas void fractions.
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