A larger study of the W135 strains isolated in Africa, Europe, and Asia, from patients with no direct link to the pilgrimage to Mecca (indigenous strains) would make it possible to identify the geographic origin of the strain responsible for the Mecca epidemic in 2000.
However, no epidemiologic data showed that the 3 cases in our study were linked to the Hajj pilgrimage.
The Sanskrit name is linked to Tripura Sundari, the presiding deity of the Tripura Sundari Temple at Udaipur, one of the 51 Shakti Peethas (pilgrimage centres of Shaktism), and to the legendary tyrant king Tripur, who reigned in the region.
Abdul-Lateef and his magic-medicinal stall are a fragment of a healing system that stretches back through centuries, to a time when Fes was itself at the cutting edge of science, linked by the pilgrimage routes to Cairo, Damascus and Samarkand.
His vision was to shape poor, benighted Targu Jiu around a central esplanade linking three great sculptures depicting the pilgrimage of life: "The Table of Silence," symbolizing divinity and communion; "The Gate of the Kiss," embodying love and sexual initiation; and "The Endless Column, a paean to Herculean triumph and an axis for the universe.
In addition, the settlement of a sizable West African Muslim community in the West and the growth of the tourism industry has not just created new pilgrimage routes linking their host societies to the pilgrimage sites to their homeland, it has also changed the nature of pilgrimage.
Her landscape is not dead but alive, and littered with tirthas, crossing places between different worlds, "linked with the tracks of pilgrimage".
The United Nations special representative in Iraq, Staffan de Mistura, linked the car bombing to the annual Shiite pilgrimage to Karbala to commemorate the end of the mourning period for Imam Hussein, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad.
At the age of 23, ʿUmar set out on the pilgrimage to Mecca.
During the pilgrimage in 2000 and 2001, an international outbreak was caused by a previously rare meningococcal serogroup W135 clone, (W ET-37, possibly because conditions during the pilgrimage facilitate person-to-person transmission of meningococci (6, 7 ).
Based on the findings of the study, this paper links the five genres of authenticity with past research on pilgrimage experience.
