These proinflammatory effects have been linked to the ability of particulate matter (PM), such as diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), to generate reactive oxygen species (ROSs) and oxidative stress in macrophages, bronchial epithelial cells, and lung microsomes (Gurgueira et al. 2002; Hiura et al. 1999; Kumagai et al. 1997; Nel et al. 2001).
At the same time, this variability is inextricably linked to the natural variability of human exposure to Pb particulates.
Conclusions: These results along with those from our multisource models suggest that traffic, sulfate from shipping and long-range transport, and construction dust are important contributors to the adverse health effects linked to PM. Particulate matter (PM) air pollution is a heterogeneous mix of chemical elements and sources.
Both hormones activate natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR-A), which is linked to particulate guanylyl cyclase generating the second messenger cGMP.
Most studies have reported associations linked to particulate matter, often represented by the mass concentration of particles smaller than 10 μm (PM10) or 2.5 μm (PM2.5).
Several adverse health effects, such as respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity, have been linked to exposure to particulate matter in ambient air; however, the biologic activity of gas-phase ambient organic air contaminants has not been examined as thoroughly.
The dependent variables most frequently analyzed were those relating to hospital morbidity; the pollutants most often studied were those linked to particulate matter.
Evidence below suggests that mortality reductions in the study by Pope et al. and "interventions" are likely linked to reductions in particulate matter (PM) types known to be harmful: high levels of biologically active metals and partially burned carbon.
There is substantial evidence that growing asthma numbers, especially in children, are linked to toxins and particulate emissions from coal-burning power plants.
In addition, an enhanced risk for acute cerebrovascular strokes has been linked to particulate air pollution (Hong et al. 2002; Tsai et al. 2003).
