Environmental exposures linked to industrialization and urbanization, such as air pollution, have not been considered risk factors for diabetes until recently (2).
The risk factors for chronic diseases, such as diet, physical inactivity, smoking, sexual behavior, and environmental conditions associated with poverty are common worldwide, reflecting changing lifestyles linked to industrialization, urbanization, and the economic and political forces of globalization.
This so-called 'epidemiological transition' could also be linked to the rapid industrialization occurring in the region as evidenced by the high prevalence of diabetes among urban residents [ 49].
Africa's chronic disease burden has been strongly attributed to changing behavioural practices (e.g sedentary lifestyles and diets high in saturated fat, salt and sugar), which are linked to structural factors such as industrialization, urbanization and increasing food market globalization [ 1- 4].
The growing energy demand, due to rapid increasing population and development of industrialization, are directly linked to the increasing release of GHE.
The rise of CVDs in LMICs is driven mainly by globalization, industrialization, and urbanization (3), linked to an increased prevalence of CVD risk factors such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and adoption of diets that are high in salt, sugar, and 'unhealthy' fat/oils.
The empowerment of women is often linked to processes of modernization: urbanization, increased education, industrialization, rationalization, individualization, emotional nuclearization, etc. [ 33, 38, 41– 41].
Today Beauvais is an administrative centre and emerging university town that benefited from a wave of industrialization in the postwar years, linked to the decentralization of Paris-based firms.
Industrialization and urbanization of human activity is closely linked to burning solid fuel such as coal, charcoal, and wood.
If regulatory efforts are not taken to limit environmental exposures that are known or suspected to be hazardous, industrialization could result in increases in environmental exposure to toxic chemicals which have been linked to epidemics of chronic conditions in the United States and other developed countries [ 31, 71].
Its path to industrialization was paved with corporate tax breaks.
