This peripheral contribution to sexual differentiation of behavior is plausibly linked to alterations in the CNS by the finding that maternal licking can alter estrogen receptor expression in the medial preoptic area when offspring of dams exhibiting extreme amounts of maternal licking are compared [ 74].
These favorable outcomes were closely linked to alterations in both immune and apoptotic responses of animals.
For reasons that are not yet entirely clear the pressure in some astronauts' brains appears to rise as a consequence of space flight, and this has been linked to alterations in their eyesight that sometimes persist for many years after their return to Earth.
Several variants notably stand out, which have been previously associated with a variety of pigmentation related traits in humans (including SLC24A4, HERC2/OCA2, SLC45A2, TYR, TYRP1, EDNRB), some of which have been specifically linked to alterations in transcriptional regulation (IRF4 and KITLG 29,30.
Fig. 3 Aberrant epigenetic modifications are linked to alterations in the autophagy pathway in critically ill patient osteoclasts.
Reducing inflammatory responses via multimodal approaches intraoperatively linked to alterations in catabolic responses delivered a better postoperative outcome [5].
There was also a significant bed rest-induced decline (>2.0 ± 0.6 mg kg FFM -1) min(-1)) in insulin-stimulated glucose disposal.Preexisting impairments in insulin sensitivity are worsened by bed rest and seem linked to alterations in the regulation oFFM -1 fatty acid in older, overweight individuals.
Reference: Jaremka, Lisa M., et al. "Attachment anxiety is linked to alterations in cortisol production and cellular immunity".
This was linked to alterations in both chemokine-mediated cell migration and, through a mitochondrial pathway, lymphocyte homeostasis [21].
Changes in whole body energy levels are closely linked to alterations in body weight and bone mass.
For this reason, evolutionary modifications to fruiting body architecture, including changes in gill separation and tube diameter in mushrooms, must be tightly linked to alterations in spore morphology.
