Exact(2)
If selection is strong relative to recombination, the mean absorption time with linkage, t ¯ ˜ QLE, is increased by several orders of magnitude compared to the one-locus case, t ¯ ˜ OLM.
Moreover, t ¯ ˜ QLE / t ¯ ˜ OLM is maximized at intermediate migration rates: for very weak migration, A1 has a fair chance of surviving for a long time even without linkage (t ¯ ˜ OLM is large); for very strong migration, t ¯ ˜ OLM and t ¯ ˜ QLE both tend to zero and t ¯ ˜ QLE / t ¯ ˜ OLM approaches unity.
Similar(58)
We then analyzed the linkage between T cell deficiency and microsatellite markers on chromosome 17.
The "challenge hypothesis" [5] attempts to explain the variable linkage of T and aggression during the breeding season.
Vra1 and Vra2 were linked to neurodegeneration, Vra3 displayed suggestive linkage to T cell infiltration and Vra4 was linked to differential expression of MHC class II [11].
We determined that the linkage between T cell deficiency and CBA/J-derived microsatellite markers mapped to the region between D17mit55 and D17mit44 (Fig. 1A), and further narrowed down the region to the area between D17mit26-mit80-1 and D17mit 26-mit80-24, which spans approximately 1 Mb (Fig. 1B).
Interaction through cell surface LFA-1 and ICAM-1, -2, or -3 provides an essential signal for the linkage between T cells and different cell types; this is important in inflammatory and immune responses [ 7, 8].
In this work, we primarily focus on TCR coupling to actin network, and anti-CD3ε/TCR ligations are the only intermembrane linkages between T cell and supported membranes.
Photoactivatable linkages between T cell receptor (TCR) and peptide-major histocompatibility receptor (pMHC) monomers additionally demonstrated that TCR bound to pMHC are selectively recruited to the cSMAC [ 9].
Finally, the frequency of double crossovers was not correlated to the number of duplicated loci on the linkage groups (t-test P-value: 0.42).
Adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in the rat is an experimental model reproducing some immunological aspects of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) such as genetic linkage and T-cell dependence [ 1], as well as several pathological features including chronic inflammation, involvement of peripheral joints, polysynovitis and secondary destruction of cartilage and bone [ 2].
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