Measurements were carried out to characterize the geometry, elastic behavior, and kinematic performance of the linkage samples.
A Microsoft SQL Server 2005 (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA) was used for data linkage, processing, and sampling.
Microsoft SQL Server 2012 (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA) was used for data linkage, processing, and sampling.
We used SAS statistical software for Windows, Version 9.3 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA), for data extraction, computation, linkage, processing, and sampling.
Microsoft SQL Server 2005 (Microsoft Corp ,Redmond, WA, USA) was used for data linkage, processing, and sampling.
The interaction between linkage, selection, and sampling in structured-deme models is precisely the phenomenon that can be described by the 'Hill-Robertson' effect [ 19] or genetic hitchhiking [ 20].
Furthermore, where there is genuine but weak linkage, random sampling error will affect whether it is detected.
To minimize linkage disequilibrium introduced by sampling bias or recent expansion of adaptive genotypes [56], only one sample from each ST was analyzed.
Many processes can contribute to patterns of differential introgression, such as natural selection, genetic drift [ 15], varying recombination rates [ 16], linkage [ 4, 17], sampling error, or a combination of these processes.
A remaining open question is why we did observe heterozygote deficiencies and linkage disequilibria at several sampling sites in the spiny-gallery zone, where we identified no or few hybrids.
