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To calculate the phase flux linkage as a function of the rotor position, the difference between two magnetic vector potentials located at the stator tooth contour (activated region) is considered.
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The Tibetan village dogs are characterized by a rapid rate of decay of linkage disequilibrium as a function of physical distance, which allowed us to perform genome-wide scans for recent positive selection for traits that are adaptive at high altitude (Lindblad-Toh and Wade 2005; Karlsson et al. 2007).
An emerging new approach harnesses the exponential decay of admixture-induced linkage disequilibrium (LD) as a function of genetic distance.
We also investigated the extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD) as a function of genomic distance within the genome to infer the expected maximal distance between the causal variation and the markers displaying association with the phenotype.
Linkage disequilibrium (LD) was calculated as a function of distance between polymorphic sites using the SITES (Hey and Wakeley 1997) and TASSEL (http://www.maizegenetics.net/index.php?page=bioinformatics/index.html) software packages.
To quantify the decoupling of SNPs by recombination, we calculated linkage disequilibrium (LD) between SNPs as a function of distance for each of the six fragments, see Figure 7.
Figure 7 includes the linkage disequilibrium observed in the control experiment as a function of distance, showing that linkage is high and not lost with distance during the first PCR.
To obtain the dendrogram, unsupervised hierarchical clustering by sample was performed on all probe sets using BRB-ArrayTools developed by Dr. Richard Simon and BRB-ArrayTools Development Team with centered correlation as distance metric and average linkage as linkage function.
Per linkage group, genetic position was plotted as a function of physical position, and a fourth order polynomial was fitted through the points (SPSS 19 for Mac OS X; all functions explained more than 98% of the variation).
Second-order natural smoothing spline regression was used to visualize the linkage disequilibrium (LD, calculated as r) as a function of the physical distance Δ in Mbp between markers on the same chromosome.
Furthermore, Y linkage along the unfused 4 is disrupted as a function of the rate of recombination with the centromere.
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