To illustrate the carrier load-balancing mechanisms, let us consider a carrier with backhaul links allocated to it.
The constraint (C 13) establishes that the set of physical links allocated for the transfer of an image consists of a valid path in the substrate network.
where L(c) is the total load generated on the carrier c by the set of RNs R(c) having backhaul links allocated to the carrier and L r,c) is the load generated by each of the RNs.
It is possible that the topology of physical routers and links allocated to a virtual network will be the same of that of the requested virtual network, but this happens only if the topology is the one which minimizes the bandwidth allocated.
If the value of these variables is 1, a router (or link) is allocated to a virtual router (or link).
Each link is modelled as a single resource, so, for example, to transfer a portion of data from π 1,2 to appropriate sink π 3,1, we need such link resources allocated simultaneously: π 1,2−ψ 1,2, ψ 1,2−ψ 2,2, ψ 2,2−ψ 3,2, ψ 3,2−ψ 3,1, ψ 3,1−π 3,1−π
We also assume that at most one D2D link is allocated to a resource block that is used by a cellular UE, meaning that on any one OFDM resource block, there are at most two links (one cellular and one D2D) multiplexed.
If the network operator implements the jammer power allocation regardless of the dynamic nature of eavesdropper, it is likely that some sources experiencing securer communication link are allocated redundant jammer power while the packets of other sources endangered may be received by the eavesdropper.
The modularity metric, Q, measures the difference between the fraction of links within communities and the expected fraction values when links are allocated randomly [ 25, 26].
Backup links are allocated in physical paths that do not overlap with the path hosting the original link, guaranteeing that a single physical link failure will not simultaneously affect the original virtual link and one or more of its backups.
