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The problem of freeze injury on lining structure of operating tunnel in high-cold and high-altitude area has increasingly stand out.
The lining structure of tunnel is subjected to both external loads and environmental effects.
Extended finite element analysis was performed to investigate the cracking and failure characteristics of the segmental lining structure of an underwater shield tunnel upon a derailed high-speed train impact, allowing for the optimization of tunnel design under accidental conditions.
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Finally, the design and construction measures for improving the durability of lining structures of subsea tunnel are introduced.
When each part of lining structure is equidistant from the fire, the higher the water content is and the lower the temperature of each part is.
Under the criteria of crack controlling and bearing capacity of lining structures, the theoretical service life of Xiamen Xiang'an subsea tunnel lining is studied.
Useful examinations have been carried out to identify the actual rate of decline in the bearing capacity of lining structures [103, 104, 105].
Then, the proposed method using this modified model is employed to predict the service life of tunnel lining structures.
He also formed numerous ad hoc networks of physical laboratory and observatory groups to work on term analysis the description and evaluation of the line structure of complex spectra.
Rahilly [On the line structure of designs, Discrete Math.
Affine 2- 64,16,5) designs can be obtained from Hadamard 2- 63,31,15) designs having line spreads by Rahilly's construction [A. Rahilly, On the line structure of designs, Discrete Math. 92 (1991) 291 303].
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