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The algorithm employs an element line Jacobi smoother in which lines of elements are formed using coupling based on a p = 0 discretization of the scalar convection diffusion equation.
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The source of X-ray was 100 keV Gadolinium tube which allows fluorescence efficiency for K-lines higher than for L-lines of elements.
The pile-up continuum of major elements like Zn in this case may overlap the X-ray lines of trace elements; therefore, the limits of detection for those elements are worse.
A minimum of three lines of girder elements is recommended; however, the number of lines of girder elements can be increased as necessary.
Hence, in the present study, three lines of girder elements were used to model bridges with aspect ratios of 0.3 and 0.54, while four lines of girder elements was found to be necessary for bridges with aspect ratio of 1.1.
These lines have sometimes the same intensities with "stationary" spectral lines of main elements.
Consequently, even if K emission lines of heavy elements (copper, iron, etc).
The primary lines of the elements were selected for the determination due to their highest sensitivity.
The first appearance of MLs often takes place near Auger spectral lines of some elements in a form of satellites.
Therefore, it was preferred to consider further not the reported concentrations but the intensity of Kα lines of representative elements.
The excitation energies correspond to the emission lines of the elements, while the intensity of the emission provides information about their concentration on the sample surface.
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