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In the fourth quarter 2006 one in six importer-exporter pairs world-wide was served by a single direct liner "service", meaning that only one ship was operating on that route.
As such, both market-oriented and operational-oriented approaches in liner service design were discussed.
The cargo shipment demand uncertainty enables us to propose a chance constraint for each liner service route which guarantees that the liner service route can satisfy the customers demand at least with a predetermined probability.
We wish this can help to promote follow-up studies of inland container liner service network planning progress.
In Yao et al. (2012), a bunker fuel management strategy is studied for a single shipping liner service.
This paper addresses the problem of optimal planning of a liner service for a barge container shipping company.
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Back then, European Union ministers thought that letting providers of scheduled liner services agree prices would mean stable freight rates and that this would mean more reliable services.
The 400 liner services carry 60 percent of international seaborne trade, according to the World Shipping Council, which represents the industry; the remainder is carried mainly by tankers (oil and natural gas) and bulk ships (coal, grain and heavy equipment).
Number of liner services / directly connected ports.
The liner services operating along the East-West trunk sea route are considered for both cases.
Not in full Number of liner services / directly connected ports Tang et al. (2011) The number of directly connected ports is relevant.
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