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Simplest way to increase accuracy of (5) is to add experimentally determined linear correction factors V ( t ) = k ρ L 2 g b ( t ) + V c (7). where, k is an empirical slope correction factor, and V c is the linear offset empirical correction factor.
Both positions were necessary for offset correction and coordinate transformation to correct for possible orientation errors of the sensor.
The applied preprocessing methods are standard normal variate (SNV), detrend correction, offset correction, and first and second derivation.
An automatic offset correction is applied to all ACIS observations to position the nominal pointing near the permanent default aimpoint (see 6.11).
Although one can use frequency offset correction algorithms [5 10], residual frequency offsets can still increase the bit error rate (BER).
Figure 3 Performance of ML channel estimator after LS frequency offset correction.
The channel state can be estimated separately after the LS frequency offset correction.
When |ε|≥0.5, the integer frequency offset correction algorithms such as [17, 18] are employed.
Usually, the frequency offset correction block, that can be modeled as, is inserted in the receiver.
Section 4 addresses the channel estimation techniques after frequency offset correction.
Thus, the offset correction techniques identified for OFDM can be employed in the AFT-MC system.
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