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Banholzer et al. (2005) assumed an N piecewise linear bond law with no limitation of N (Figure 2) to achieve a general mathematical description of the bond law.
In addition, the quadratic relation in the out-of-plane phonon mode changes to linear after 5%% strain in the DFT calculation, while the linear bond stretching occurs after 4%% strain in our MD simulations as shown in Fig. 5c.
A more sophisticated contact model than the linear bond model used here can be developed, possibly including nonlinear effects and viscoelasticity.
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The numerical results revealed that the DEM is capable of estimating with good accuracy the exact solutions of bond stresses, strains or slippages along the bonded length for linear bond-slip laws.
In order to validate the analysis performed with the DEM, a Pull-out test with no slip constrains was modelled and different linear bond-slip laws were assumed.
Essentially, three different linear bond-slip models, one exponential model and another power based function are employed in the numerical process.
The numerical integration process used on the present study proved to be coherent with the analytical expressions determined for the linear bond-slip models and allowed to verify that maximum load transmittable to the FRP plate is influenced by the square root of the FRP stiffness and fracture energy even when nonlinear bond-slip models are assumed.
Also, linear bonded CO and a species containing a COH group are observed.
A nonlinear shear-lag model considering friction beyond linear bonding was proposed to understand evolution of interfacial stresses and further identify key interfacial parameters (such as interfacial stiffness, strength, frictional stress and adhesion energy) with the aid of in situ Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy.
Linear bonds involving hydrogens are treated as rigid bonds to allow the simulation to be performed at 2 fs steps.
q2 is equal to the sum of the two bond lengths, which for linear bonds, is just R XY ; for bent bonds q2 > R XY.
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