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Neopterin is a marker of cell-mediated immune activation produced by cells of the macrophage lineage upon stimulation by interferon-γ [20].
Using RT-PCR, we searched for the presence of murine muscle specific transcripts and detected the presence of murine Desmin (an early myogenic marker) suggesting the phenotypic conversion of the melanoma cells into a myogenic lineage upon fusion (Figure 2C).
In order to determine if the B16-GFP melanoma cells are reprogrammed and convert to the myogenic lineage upon fusion, we co-cultured murine B16-GFP melanoma cells with human primary myoblasts (CHQ) in a 1/500 ratio.
The latter is able to differentiate towards a neutrophil lineage (upon treatment with all-trans retinoic acid) or a monocyte lineage (upon treatment with vitamin D3).
Therefore, ectopic Oct4 expression should prevent the induction of the neuroectodermal lineage upon compound treatment.
Inactivation of adipogenic genes indicated that precursor cells isolated from adipose tissue differentiated into another lineage upon external cues.
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The effect of antigenic variation between virus lineages upon the protection offered by maternal antibodies has not been assessed.
In addition to maintaining their undifferentiated state by self-renewal, stem cells also generate progenitors that differentiate to form cells of multiple lineages upon successive divisions.
Morphological appearance of the cells indicated the formation of neural lineages upon directed differentiation.
Also the contribution of cells obtained from rat embryos to extraembryonic lineages upon blastocyst injection has recently been reported [13].
Neurospheres (NS) are colonies of neural stem and precursor cells capable of differentiating into the central nervous system (CNS) cell lineages upon appropriate culture conditions: neurons, and glial cells.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com