These findings indicate that Activin A promotes TE lineage development and impedes EPI lineage development.
This also suggests that donor ESCs impede the EPI lineage development of host embryos.
These results indicate that ESC and iPSC secretions indeed suppress EPI lineage development.
These results indicated that the ESC or iPSC-secreted protein Activin A hinders EPI lineage development.
However, our analysis data showed that Activin A has no obvious effects on PE lineage development.
Previous work identified essential transcription factors that mediate B lineage development.
The in vitro differentiation model of ES cells has proven to be valuable for studies of cell lineage development.
The key protein, Activin A, plays a positive role in generating chimeras with a higher degree of ESC contribution via impeding the EPI lineage development of host embryos.
Here we show that the stimulation of human bone marrow-derived MSCs with recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) results in chondrogenic lineage development under serum-free conditions.
To elucidate the effects of BV on Th1/Th2 lineage development under in vivo conditions, BV was given by intraperitonial injection to BALB/c mice.
Taken together, these results imply that BV induces Th1 lineage development from CD4+ T cells by increasing the expression of a Th1-specific cytokine, IFN-γ.
