The company owns gas stations and fuel storage depots and manufactures its own line of engine oils.
If the same pattern proves to have played out at Volkswagen, then the scandal may well have begun with a few lines of engine-tuning software.
Audi is displaying a new line of diesel engines that employ what the company said was the "cleanest diesel technology in the world".
But with more manufacturers – even American ones – stepping up to the diesel plate, VW is ratcheting up its game with a new line of diesel engines.
Ford was the first automaker to bring to market a hybrid version of an S.U.V., the Ford Escape, and it is introducing a new line of Ecoboost engines next year that will cut fuel consumption by up to 20percentt.
In order to provide the line of-sight blockage of the engine face for an advanced Uninhabited Combat Air Vehicle UCAV), a highly curved serpentine inlet is proposed and experimentally studied.
General Motors said today that it would spend about $160 million to build a new line of aluminum engine blocks at an Ohio plant as the company, the world's largest automaker, turns to lighter, more efficient engines.
By the time he became managing director in 1984, Rolls-Royce was desperate for money and had signed a deal with GE that gave it a stake in a profitable line of small American engines, as a junior partner, in return for its staying out of the big-engine business.
A new line of fuel-efficient engines will also be available.
Measures to reduce radar cross-section include airframe shaping such as planform alignment of edges, fixed-geometry serpentine inlets that prevent line-of-sight of the engine faces from any exterior view, use of radar-absorbent material (RAM), and attention to detail such as hinges and pilot helmets that could provide a radar return.
Temperature data for the exhaust line of the reference engine are available only until the low pressure turbine outlet, not considering the after-treatment system.
