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Less advanced cell spreading was observed for L929 (murine fibroblast cell line) cells during the first 5 h in culture which was accompanied by retarded recruitment of αvβ3-integrin into focal adhesions (FAs).
Other examples of potential epigenetic modifications due to the action of EDs are those occurring in germ line cells during differentiation.
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Recently a systematic analysis of single cell expression has revealed the gene expression dynamics in germ-line cells during PGC specification in vivo [17] and indicated differential expression patterns between ES cells and PGCs, such as their expression of Eras, T, and Fgf8.
This short review will focus on the function and signaling mechanisms of TGF-β/SMAD pathway in articular chondrocytes, mesenchymal progenitor cells of subchondral bone and synovial lining cells during OA development.
The piRNA-PIWI complexes have been reported to be involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing of retrotransposons and other genetic elements in germ line cells, particularly during spermatogenesis [ 45].
In contrast to IR, exposure to high SMFs did not induce DNA double-strand breaks or germ line cell apoptosis during meiosis.
Chen et al. [ 16] evaluated miR in an immortalized C2C12 cell line, while the experiment herein utilized a porcine primary muscle cell line (satellite cells) during proliferation.
10.7554/eLife.09384.016 Figure 8. Gravin contributes to spindle orientation of germ line stem cells during spermatogenesis.
Hehnly et al. report that Gravin is required for proper spindle orientation in germ line stem cells during spermatogenesis and is depleted in seminomas.
Full videos are presented in Video 2. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09384.014 In vivo analyses of seminiferous tubules tested whether the Gravin scaffold determines spindle orientation of germ line stem cells during spermatogenesis.
GPC3 gene expression is downregulated in primary clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and GPC3 protein overexpression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma cell lines arrests cells during the G1 phase of the cell cycle, consequently reducing the proliferation rate.
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