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These are the declination (the angle between the line axis or torus normal and the z axis of orthogonal coordinate system used in CRYSTALS) and the azimuth (the angle between the projection of the line axis or torus normal onto the x-y plane and the x axis of the orthogonal coordinate).
A two-stage line axis solar thermal concentrator consisting of a compound parabolic and an involute reflector was designed, and its thermal and optical performance was compared with that of a dual concentrator.
where H is the magnetic helicity, Φ is the magnetic flux of the flux tube, and W r is the magnetic writhe corresponding to the helical structure of the field line axis.
The central line (axis of the imaging plane rotation) was positioned over the highly moving structure to ensure strong reference signal for synchronization.
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These components, recording signals in three directions as (for in-line axis), (for cross-line axis), and for vertical axis, allow to express the state of polarization of the different wavefields.
Firstly, the formula for the distribution of the eigenvalues of the single-dimensional Sturm operator defined in the whole of the straight-line axis with increasing potential at infinity was given by Titchmarsh in 1946 [2].
Assuming infinite length of the line-axis concentrator's absorber pipe allows ignoring the end effects; thus, a 2D approach was adopted.
Red line: mechanical axis, blue line: classic anatomical axis, yellow line: resolution anatomical axis, dashed green line: femoral neck length at start of lengthening, dotted purple line: femoral neck length at the end of lengthening (note that the dashed green line and the dotted purple line are of equal length as both represent the femoral neck length which does not change during lengthening).
(a) Simultaneous measurement of force (black line, left axis) and tunnel current (red line, right axis) during a tip-sample approach.
b, d, f The ratio between rest and activity as the fully drawn line (left axis) and sample entropy as the dotted line (right axis).
b, d The ratio between rest and activity as the fully drawn line (left axis) and sample entropy as the dotted line (right axis).
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