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The thick tension-saturated zone within the tailings limits the thickness of unsaturated tailings that are susceptible to rapid sulfide oxidation.
The vacuum deposition limits the thickness of solid-state batteries, which, in turn, limits their energy storage capacity.
This results in short diffusion lengths for minority carriers6 in QD solids and ultimately limits the thickness of the active layer to <500 nm (Fig. 1a), which is insufficient for complete absorption of incident photons.
The strain because of the incorporated Ge in the pseudomorphic Sil-xGex limits the thickness of the film that can be developed without the generation of misfit dislocations, which are detrimental to device performance.
High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can provide a resolution of nm, but is not ideal as it limits the thickness of the PDI to 10 µm, and may cause an accumulation of charge at the domain wall, distorting its shape by straining it (Wick & Lewis, 1968 ▶).
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This top iron, or chip breaker, used an inverted plane iron placed over the cutting iron to limit the thickness of the shaving and help it to curl out of the mouth.
These multiple endotherms have been related to the effects of the hydroxyvalerate units in limiting the thickness of the lamellae at any given temperature.
(a) Schematic of a typical thin-film p n junction QD PV (PbS QDs are purple circles, the contacts are omitted); high recombination losses due to the long paths for minority carriers to reach the electrode ultimately limit the thickness of the QD layer.
The method used does not entail limiting the thickness of the layer, as the Kirchhoff or Mindlin theory requires, and fully takes into account the coupling between the fluid (air) and the solid panel.
Analysis of the results show that a sufficient air flow along the tubes may effectively limit the thickness of the smoke layer, thus leaving adequate risk-free space above the ground for the emergency evacuation.
The full interaction between the fluid (air) and the solid layers is thus taken into account and the calculation does not involve limiting the thickness of any layer, as the Kirchhoff or Mindlin theories require.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com