We want them to reach for that which sits beyond their grasp as a means of finding and extending their limits, and of learning that failure isn't just what happens but how we react to what happens.
For more on the benefits and limits of cooperative learning in general, see Johnson and Johnson (1991).
The poor reliability limits true classifications of learning outcomes, because students who have been classified as failures, and who are therefore denied certain positions within the professional community, easily could be misclassified.
It may indicate that it is interesting to diversify the sources of educational resources, not limited to repositories of learning objects which are difficult to be frequently maintained and updated.
Note that, although we did not measure after-effects in this protocol, we limited our measure of learning to learning rate and total amount of learning.
It is the narrow tuning of these neurons which is thought to limit the transfer of learning effects to a restricted range of stimulus attributes [12].
Electrophysiological data were recorded between 1.5 and 5 weeks after the end of the Morris water maze training to limit the impact of learning and arousal on transient (about one week [38]) hippocampal excitability changes, and because only a single animal could be monitored daily on the electrophysiology setup.
Additionally, a number of the participants had low socioeconomic status that may have imposed financial restrictions (either for payment of services, or travel to receive services) limiting the possibility of learning one of the more traditional alaryngeal speech options such as esophageal or electrolaryngeal speech.
A structured mentoring program would allow the mentor to become aware of the novice educator's process of learning, limits, and capabilities, making them better able to individualize the supervision.
Our results may therefore indicate that the performance enhancement effects of excitatory tDCS may be limited to earlier stages of learning.
