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At the limits of displacement within this experiment, the absolute force required to displace the stem of cycad trees experiencing five years of scale infestation was 49% of that for healthy trees.
The phylogenetic limits of displacement would indicate that very high identity is required between core domain sequences to permit recombination.
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With the sum of wave resistance and viscous resistance as objective functions and the parameters of B-Spline function as design variables, mathematical models are built using Nonlinear Programming Method (NLP) ensuring the basic limit of displacement and considering rear viscous separation.
To avoid the ambiguity caused by phase wrapping, the upper limit of displacement considered in this paper corresponds to a phase difference of π radians.
The design code presents an empirical formula which approximates the upper limit of displacements due to plastic response.
In Sect. 3 the limits of inelastic displacements are investigated with respect to the code provisions and member plastic rotation capacities and predictions are made about the onset of yielding.
However, the limits for displacements of rail vehicle components shall be checked and determined by the designer according to practical constraints.
This is compounded by the passive capacitance of the patch-clamp glass/quartz pipette that often limits the bandwidth of displacement current recording.
Thus it can sufficiently capture the limit states of displacements, strength, stability and damage of the structure and its individual members so that separate member capacity checks through the interaction equations of Eurocode 3 or the usage of the conservative and crude q-factor suggested in Eurocode 8 are not required.
This estimated magnitude is almost the upper limit of JMA displacement magnitude because of amplitude-magnitude saturation for events of Mw > 8.
The average instantaneous speed representing the limit of the displacement rate as the time interval approaches 0, was calculated as the traveled distance during the smallest interval, i.e. at 5 s intervals.
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