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The model where gains and losses were constrained to be equal produced an extremely tentative estimate of one transition (either gain or loss) every 500 MY, with 2 log likelihood support limits (equivalent to 95% confidence intervals) between once every 100 MY and 0 (never).
In environmental toxicology, usually effects of between 10 and 30% cannot be distinguished with certainty from control responses (Moore and Caux 1997; U.S. EPA 1991), and a reanalysis of developmental toxicity bioassays yielded statistical detection limits equivalent to effects of about 5 20% on average (Allen et al. 1994).
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Even the most stingy of low-cost carriers, such as easyJet, currently have a limit equivalent to 40,000 cubic centimetres (see table below).
The critical limit equivalent to 80% and 40% of relative yield were treated as upper and lower critical limits of selected key indicators and SQI.
The BMDL is the one-sided lower 95% confidence limit, equivalent to a 90% two-sided confidence limit.
This appeared to be the best fit to some available population-based data [ 21], although the power to distinguish models is limited, equivalent to testing for interaction effects.
The lower range limits are equivalent to the lower detection limits.
Quantum calculus, sometimes called calculus without limits, is equivalent to traditional infinitesimal calculus without the notion of limits.
Obviously, that transition to the limit is equivalent to the limit in expression (10).
This expansion is carried out at constant concentration and hence the large volume limit is equivalent to the limit of large molecule numbers.
With no sex bias, s 1 f = s 1 m = s 1 and h f = h m = h, and we can simplify the limiting mean female and male X-chromosomal admixture fractions: lim g → ∞ E [ H 1, g, f X ] = lim g → ∞ E [ H 1, g, m X ] = 2 s 1 + h s 1 2 − h − h 2 = s 1 1 − h = s 1 s 1 + s 2. (21)This limit is equivalent to the limiting mean of autosomal admixture from Verdu and Rosenberg (2011, equation 31).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com